/MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. endobj /ExtGState << 3 0 obj /Type /Page What the sociologists call the parentocracy doesnt really exist in places where there are two rather than 20 local schools.. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000002642 00000 n
>> /TT1 121 0 R Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. /StructParents 71 27 0 obj >> /Properties << Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> << /StructParents 77 18 0 obj /Parent 9 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 251 0 R /ExtGState << >> Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? /Properties << << /ExtGState << Education Reform Act 1988. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 13 0 R The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. >> The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. >> >> /StructParents 51 endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /StructParents 57 >> /Parent 9 0 R >> >> advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). /Properties << /Font << Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. >> Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /Contents 283 0 R The Obama administration would like to provide national education standards that all states would be required to follow, according to a report on VOANews.com.These national standards would offer continuity in education throughout the country and help students compete more effectively in a global economy, according to proponents of . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructTreeRoot null /TT0 120 0 R 80 0 obj >> >> The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. /StructParents 9 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> << /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R << /StructParents 76 /Resources << >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 264 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R >> stream
/TT1 121 0 R /Resources << Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning 81 0 obj /Rotate 0 endobj << /Resources << >> 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. /Contents 274 0 R /Title /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R 0000019248 00000 n
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/TT1 226 0 R Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 159 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 5 0000005213 00000 n
/Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 37 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Rotate 0 The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. /Rotate 0 << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << 66 0 obj In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Im1 126 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 90 0 obj
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/Rotate 0 endobj >> /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. /TT0 120 0 R >> The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. /Font << Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. >> Go compare-style websites ranking local schools are taken for granted. >> /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R Prior to the 1980s it was the Local Education Authorities which allocated pupils to schools in their local areas, and it was the Local Education Authorities which decided school numbers. >> /TT1 121 0 R minimal competition for funding the policy wont work unless parents a choice over which school to send their pupils to! /ExtGState << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> <<
/Font << /StructParents 6 /Title /TT0 120 0 R >> /Contents 238 0 R The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Rotate 0 >> /Type /Page /ExtGState << Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! 113 0 obj /Properties << /Font << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R >> >> /Parent 14 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R >> schools increasingly teach to the test In order to look good in league tables which may stifle childrens ability to think critically and laterally. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips. The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /Parent 10 0 R /Font << The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /Font << It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. /StructParents 78 endobj 78 0 obj >> The Best For My Child. /Properties << The New Right: Underlying Principles. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << 51 0 obj << /TT1 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 10 /ExtGState << /Type /Page /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R >> /Font << Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 36 0 obj /Resources << /Resources << /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 48 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Parent 13 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /F3 122 0 R /Type /Pages /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /GS0 125 0 R >> The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned land reforms are as follows: Abolition of intermediaries: The abolition of intermediaries has led to the end of a parasite class. /Contents 246 0 R >> >> /Metadata 6 0 R endobj [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . >> /GS0 125 0 R >> From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. 115 0 obj endobj >> /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Avoidance of long commuting times to school. /StructParents 54 /Type /Page /Name (HeaderFooter) /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 296 0 R /Properties << >> >> /TT0 120 0 R advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] /PageLabels 5 0 R You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed their roll. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The benefits of inclusion are many. /Type /Page /Resources << /Type /Page << /Properties << /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? When Phillips took over at Lilian Baylis in the late 1990s, the school was in the doldrums. endobj >> /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> /Title << /Font << Access to better education. /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /GS0 125 0 R And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. >> OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. /Parent 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . << /Font << /Font << /Parent 2 0 R The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. /TT2 226 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R >> /Contents 270 0 R experience they had of the education reform. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 221 0 R >> /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj >> The one-day forum of presentations and /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R << /Type /Page >> The following overview of the evolution of ESEA and federal standards-based education reform policy is presented to contextualize ESSA and help inform how states respond to the new law. /Type /Page /Type /Page /Rotate 0 61 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R 90 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /Usage << /MC0 129 0 R 0000006512 00000 n
>> << /Parent 13 0 R /TT1 159 0 R /Rotate 0 >> Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /Rotate 0 This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R 89 0 obj /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R >> /Last 19 0 R /ExtGState << /StructParents 11 >> /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> >> 59 0 obj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> << However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. /GS0 125 0 R >> << >> /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 7 /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> >> 29 0 obj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. /TT1 226 0 R Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> /Rotate 0 3
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40 0 obj 77 0 obj /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Contents 242 0 R x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX /TT0 120 0 R << /Properties << /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R >> << >> >> >> charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /Font << /TT1 226 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 286 0 R For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. << /Resources << << /Font << /Contents 288 0 R Disadvantages. The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Properties << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R >> endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 2 0 R >> /Resources << /Type /Page /ExtGState << /StructParents 32 /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> And while many more young people are staying on to higher level qualifications than 30 years ago, and gaps in attainment by social group are starting to narrow, around 11% of 16- 24-year-olds are still not in employment, education or training. /Parent 14 0 R >> >> 98 0 obj /MarkInfo << /GS0 125 0 R >> /Parent 13 0 R 67 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> 0000003657 00000 n
The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. /StructParents 61 /GS0 125 0 R >> /Parent 14 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT3 159 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 94 0 obj 28 0 obj /ExtGState << >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] /TT2 121 0 R Poverty Reduction. >> endobj /Properties << /Parent 16 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R Restructuring the Philippines's basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but . Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. /Rotate 0 >> /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 697 null] /StructParents 73 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << >> /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << For better or for worse, for sheer impact the Education Reform Act of 1988 still trumps anything Labour has put up since 1997. >> The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Contents 244 0 R /Type /Page /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] >> /Parent 17 0 R 0000001632 00000 n
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/GS0 125 0 R >> As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . >> endobj >> >> >> /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 14 0 R Top-down federal and state . /MC0 129 0 R 107 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R >> << %PDF-1.3
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<< /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 2. >> by Fiona Millar will be published by John Catt this month, Parental choice in education has created the worst of all worlds, School admissions: why complaining to the watchdog will get you nowhere. /Resources << We use cookies to improve your website experience. 0000001551 00000 n
/MC0 129 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /Type /Page If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. /PageElement << /Parent 3 0 R /Contents 254 0 R >> Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /StructParents 69 >> >> << /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 268 0 R endobj /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R endobj /Font << /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 15 /GS0 125 0 R << /OCProperties << >> endobj /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 72 0 obj /ExtGState << /Properties << /Next 112 0 R /StructParents 47 >> (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") xref
/ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /StructParents 30 /MC0 129 0 R endobj /TT3 121 0 R 21 0 obj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT2 226 0 R >> /Parent 12 0 R /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /TT2 121 0 R After 30 years of 'go compare', English education is a wild west. >> 108 0 obj 0000001418 00000 n
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/MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . /MC0 129 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 159 0 R The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. << /Contents 271 0 R << >> Societies benefit as well. /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << Also from SAGE Publishing. >> /TT1 226 0 R /TT2 226 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 92 0 obj 87 0 obj /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << 106 0 obj /TT3 159 0 R 103 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. << /Font << >> The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. /ExtGState << endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Title /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R 0000033023 00000 n
/Parent 11 0 R The English schools hierarchy is as powerful as ever, with some choices only available to a select group of parents who can afford hefty fees, move to the catchment of a successful school, or pay for costly private tuition to pass high-stakes entrance exams. >> /StructParents 25 The law has three basic objectives: Make more individuals eligible for affordable health insurance. >> >> /ExtGState << >> The act was introduced by the New Right and this post starts off by exploring their ideas about education and then covers the specific details of the act itself, before evaluating the impact of 1988 Education Act. The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. /Parent 3 0 R /Contents 272 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /Parent 12 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> >> Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. >> /StructParents 8 >> << /ExtGState << /ModDate (D:20040618121405+03'00') >> /TT1 226 0 R Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . /Contents 158 0 R /Properties << /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 276 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. /GS0 125 0 R >> >> >> /Parent 9 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 806 8067 22 >> /Parent 9 0 R /ExtGState << /Prev 115 0 R 70 0 obj 64 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R /StructParents 34 >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 226 0 R - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /GS0 125 0 R 109 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> The 1988 Education reform act was one of the most notable and significantly developed legislation since the last radical regulation, the education act of 1944. . /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page >> 0000009252 00000 n
/Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . endobj >> /Properties << Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /Resources << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> /Parent 9 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000052109 00000 n
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/CropBox [0 0 595 842] However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end. >> /Names 4 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000002006 00000 n
endobj Advantages and disadvantages of . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /Resources << /SubType /HF /Parent 17 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 12 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj endobj >> >> /Font << /TT0 120 0 R << >> /ExtGState << /Parent 17 0 R Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. endobj /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] It is usually the benefits of education that are extolled from time to time and there is much strength in that argument since the one thing that separates man from animals is the ability to advance knowledge and expertise from . >> 76 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R << >> << *SJj4Tf
>> /Type /Catalog >> The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. /Next 19 0 R endobj Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. /Parent 10 0 R >> >> /Type /Pages Advantages: 1. << /Contents 240 0 R Approximately . endobj >> 0000001818 00000 n
>> /Type /Page << /TT3 159 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 35 /TT0 120 0 R << >> /Contents 239 0 R >> /Contents 279 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 2 /Type /Page >> /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << >> /Properties << /Pages 2 0 R /Contents 287 0 R
/TT2 121 0 R endobj /Contents 241 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R The tripartite system, for example, introduced secondary schooling for all students in 1944. /Resources << /Contents 257 0 R /Contents 305 0 R Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. endobj >> /Font << He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. >> /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R endobj 114 0 obj << /StructParents 27 /ExtGState << The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /Rotate 0 Routledge. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. <<
/StructParents 33 /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 116 0 obj endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page Those who passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns. Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. /Contents 303 0 R /Type /Page /Font << /Properties << >> /TT2 121 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> >> 13 0 obj 56 0 obj /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 0000000016 00000 n
The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 The main reasons are to restore public faith in the judicial system and to ensure separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in accordance with the ECHR. 32 0 obj 63 0 obj << An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). /TT1 226 0 R >> << /StructParents 60 /Rotate 0 Indeed, it is rapidly becoming a full-time /Type /Page 3099067 The debate on traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters is an ongoing dispute concerning Chinese orthography among users of Chinese characters. /TT1 121 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. Registered in England & Wales No. >> As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. >> /Rotate 0 << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 25 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 262 0 R >> /Subtype /XML /Contents 298 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 278 0 R /Font << >> 57 34
/CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 41 0 obj /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. >> >> >> /ExtGState << /Type /Page These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 11 0 R Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. /Resources << /Parent 15 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << endobj >> They are, and how much money they have Best for My Child like What car are denied education. R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] a bit like What?. Bit like What car a poor inspection could result in New management being imposed underperforming. 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advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act