Cant say it ever bothered me. My concern is do buyers usually avoid this kind of property? In this current environment, for instance, "since inventory remains relatively low still, looking at factors like weather or time of year are less relevant," says Morales. The one you describe sounds like the type often found in residential areas and I expect it has a large yellow danger sign somewhere on the fencing that warns about the risk of getting electric shocks. A credit report pulls data from three major credit reporting agencies: TransUnion, Equifax and Experian. Most of the time I was in the garden I would be with friends and our talking would drown out any noise. That is why property prices are quite low The content on this site is not intended to provide legal, financial or real estate advice. "Draper" or "CCRG" (various papers 2005-2014) is a slightly different study - it looks specifically at high-voltage power lines. "Today, however, I think the best time to find a home and get a good deal on price is when the seller has listed their home too high and it is now sitting on the market longer than it should have," she says. The place has been on the market for quite a while and I think the substation is putting buyers off. Stand close by and listen , if you hear a 50Hz hum ,at times of high demand ,it will be intrusive. WebIf you are considering buying or selling a property that is located near a substation, getting a survey done will help put the buyer at ease, as they will know that the property is safe. Rather than getting into a bidding war and paying above the asking price, for example, a low-competition environment might enable you to negotiate a better deal. Ive seen things that state there may be a link between higher rates of cancers and headaches for humans and animals. The new Green Books revealed The statistical associations from the epidemiology studies seem to show up at fields above 0.4 T. Meanwhile, housing inventory has often been low, although that's starting to change. All electrical circuits produce electromagnetic radiation. Home inventory typically increases in the spring and summer. I worry as my 3year old would A. Do You Need a Locksmith to Rekey Your House? There have been other pooled analyses since which have mainly reinforced this finding. / CBS News. Regards, Anna Free Shipping for Loyal Forum Members - CLICK HERE. For a large National Grid substation, you would need to be within metres or maybe tens of metres of the perimeter to get an elevated field. Have you come across this before? WebHomeowners are usually skeptical in investing in a house near electricity wires because of the fear that it emits electromagnetic radiation. If you are financing a home with an FHA loan, you may not be able to get loan approval if it's too near a high-voltage power line. So, these were some of the pros and cons of buying property near power lines. for scaffolding or cranes). One of the major pros of getting a house near power lines is that you can get the properties at comparatively affordable rates. So, if you buy a home near a power line, it will not affect your health, but will likely impact your property value when you sell. This means that to buy a $200,000 home, the cash you'll need could range from $12,000 to $18,000. I certainly would never buy one near a substation, but my hearing is very sensitive to that kind of thing and even electrical plugs in the bedroom keep me awake so have to be unplugged at night. Perhaps mortgage costs are falling, for example, so you might decide to buy a house as soon as possible to lock in a good rate, regardless of seasonality. You will also need to factor in the conveyancer you choose and the type of survey you need. Incidences of cancer have been shown to be higher where people live under large power lines. Buying from the heart always makes one very eager. In fact, many researchershave studiedwhether proximity to power lines might be the cause ofleukemia and other cancers, abnormal heart rhythms, miscarriages, low birth weight and birth defects; the results of those studies have been mixed. We often link to other websites, but we can't be responsible for their content. It really established the idea that there is a statistical association with fields above 0.4 T. Beyond the different attractive fields, there can be no well-being impact from the substation. Please seek the services of a legal, accounting or real estate professional prior to any real estate transaction. WebFirst and foremost: the non-EMF issues. The trademarks MLS, Multiple Listing Service and the associated logos are owned by CREA and identify the quality of services provided by real estate professionals who are members of CREA. These steps will smooth your way through the house buying process. A2006Medical College of Wisconsin review of studies on the subject revealedthat: The same Wisconsin review concluded that even those studies that do show an association between cancer and power lines dont provide consistent guidelines as to what distance or exposure level might be associated with increased cancer incidence. If you want to try to get a better deal, consider the winter. Homeowners are usually skeptical in investing in a house near electricity wires because of the fear that it emits electromagnetic radiation. Scientists and experts believe that exposure to electromagnetic radiation is quite common in major household electric appliances like refrigerators, mobile phones etc. 2m & on the top of it positioned almost 3m high & 4m wide substation GRP house, While you should be realistic in your search and willing to compromise to some degree, don't cave on essential things. You can easily find out the electromagnetic fields from your relevant power authority. It would be rare to live that close in a rural setting but could happen in an urban setting. Let us now discuss the cons of buying a house near power lines. Remember, a home would have to be very close indeed to a substation to get these elevated exposures from it. We may receive commissions from some links to products on this page. In the population as a whole, not many people live close to (say within 100 m)a high-voltage power line. If the answer to this question is yes, the chances are that you need to learn about EMFs quite quickly. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. The best times of year to purchase a home (when prices are low) While spring and summer might be prime seasons for inventory, the best times to buy real estate in How has the reported risk for childhood leukaemia changed over time? Typically, buyer competition tends to drop over the winter and holidays, says Morales, so that can influence prices. This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. All substations comply with these limits - you can be right up against the fence or wall and still be compliant. There is a small strip of "free land" about 10 ft wide between tnb n house. Regardless of when you ultimately decide to act, make sure you're equipped with your eligible interest rate, that way you'll know exactly what you'll be paying each month. See a pictorial guide to the electricity system to help you work out what it is that may be near your home. The dangling wires are not aesthetically pleasing. For us it was alongside "massive pylons" on our short list of "show stoppers".. House near us is next to a decent sized substation. Some people may be put off, but the evidence is that houses near substations do still sell. However, there is one thing that hold me back as there is an electrical substation next to my letter box on the land. Different versions of final distribution substations - outdoors, in a building or on wood poles. #1. The new Green Books revealed If it's an issue for you, it'll be an issue for others. Junior Member. So it would probably only affect you if you literally lived next door. A big 400kV sub would be less attractive as ACB's can be noisy, but a local distribution transformer wouldn't worry me. Unless there was noise being generated it wouldn't turn me off. To Local conditions might differ, or broader market forces might influence things like inventory, prices, and mortgage rates, which can affect your decision. It is not Zillow's intention to solicit or interfere with any established agency relationship you may have with a real estate professional. You will degauss your watch every time you walk past it. The total distance between the substation & my house is 14m. When asked why they wanted to become a homeowner, 27% of respondents said it was a means of starting a family.. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Meaning they have smaller back yards than the rest of the street. Moreover, homeowners who fear the electromagnetic radiation, which is now a common factor in our households, do not buy properties in areas with overhead electricity wires and therefore you will find more open spaces and a greener neighbourhood. Here is a quick rundown on the advantages and disadvantages of getting a house near power lines. It is quite likely that you may find the best possible home at affordable rates in a neighbourhood that has overhead electricity wires. Support the Sunday Times by buying a subscription. Editor, Marcus Herbert. 1894 shipwreck found in Lake Huron, confirming "powerful, tragic story", Bipartisan Senate group unveils rail safety bill in response to Ohio derailment, Top Dems push Fox News to stop promoting "propaganda" about 2020 election, What to know about Shigella bacteria as drug-resistant strain spreads, Pandemic-era food benefits end for millions of Americans as costs rise. I viewed a property recently and never House went for 140k under asking in the end and someone got a bargain! WebHere are the 10 most important steps to take when buying a house. next to tnb, near HTC, if possible don't buy. it is (comparatively) cheap for a reason. Buying house in Kogarah or Carlton - south or any innerwest. I have one accessed from the bottom of my garden. So overall the science is uncertain. Is there anything we can do? We checked the land registry and U.K. Power Networks have a freehold interest in the land since 1953. You can check interest rates and lenders here now or use the table below to learn more. Think any buyer would not mind it. Cant say I have heard any noise or hum, when I walk past with the dog, but then the M6 is 40 feet away from the house, directly behind the garden fence. This Checklist Is the Key to Taking Care of Your Home (Without the Stress), How to Actually Afford to Buy a Home in America, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, 442-H New York Standard Operating Procedures. Electric fields are produced by voltage and magnetic fields by current - where there are concerns, they are mainly about magnetic fields. Only about a half of homes in the UK with fields above 0.4 T get that exposure from high-voltage power lines, and hardly any at all from substations in the rest, the field probably comes from the distribution system or house wiring. We've got a little one (serves 8-9 houses) up a pole on our land, just behind the garage. Seen a house that ticks a Have a close friend in on it. This is just a possibility wed probably say the balance of evidence is against health effects and its not considered strong enough evidence to restrict such exposures. In terms of selling again later yes it can have an impact some people can be fussy about that. WebIn some cases, buying property comes with certain conditions that prohibit you from doing certain things. Con Edison installs transformer primary protection units to make room for a new water treatment plant and add 100% if ever you need to sell (you never know, right?) Step 1: Check your credit score Before you permit a lender to check your credit score, youll want to do a thorough review of your own credit report. Others (13.2%) were more interested in the fact that it could On its own, it didn't find much of an association, but it contributed to the overall finding. No study clearly states the dangers of living near power lines. Admittedly it's 40 metres away from my house but it is hard by my shed and I've never heard anything from it. I've noticed it on one near me when walking by. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? With rural places usually opting for pole mounted transformers in their place. You must log in or register to reply here. Before I bought the house I hired an EMR (electro magnetic radiation) meter from powerwatch.org.uk because there's a 132Kv powerline 100 metres away. I recently found a house I like a lot and the price is below the median price of the suburb. Have questions about buying, selling or renting during COVID-19? While these trends have influences from areas like the Fed tackling inflation and the pandemic fueling new real estate behavior, buyers still might look at historical trends to get a better sense of when to buy a home. I don't think I could have lived with it and we asked how much it would be to move it - 70k. News provided by The Associated Press. February 27, 2023 / 1:31 PM It is possible for meter readings to be taken of both electric and magnetic fields so that you can make an informed decision whether or not to buy. For the sake of a few pounds I'd hire one for your potential purchase. Support the Sunday Times by buying a subscription. https://www.zillow.com/blog/too-close-to-power-lines-150272 And as buyers come to expect this time of year to be some of the best months to purchase a house, that creates somewhat of a self-fulfilling prophecy, with more sellers looking to list at this time to meet these expectations, adds Morales. Entirely up to you, of course. Editor, Marcus Herbert. 32 percent of the studies were inconclusive. But it has been offline since 1990. The house is next to substation. The detectable magnetic field usually generated by substations in the United Kingdom is between 3 metres and 8 metres from the substation. Its a detached 3 bed with big terrace with views/ huge garden which would normally be out of our price range. But you might find certain discounts, or prices might flatten out around the winter, before picking up again as spring approaches. The UK Government at a national level set exposure guidelines for EMFs and the electricity system complies with these. The first step is to get your finances sorted. The myth that houses near power lines lead to severe health issues and lifelong diseases is why people are not generally interested in buying properties in such a neighbourhood. Therefore, people carefully weigh all the options and consider important factors before choosing a house. Media stories about microshocks in childrens playground, What this site covers and what it doesnt. Listings usually start to rise around March, with inventory peaking around early August, notes Kristina Morales, a realtor in Ohio, California, and Texas. To contact the electricity industrys EMF Unit Public Information Line (UK only): Why pet insurance for your dog is worth it. Getting a general idea of house prices helps you set a goal to work towards. Q. Buying or selling a property near an electricity pylon in the UK can be a challenging process, but with the right information and preparation, it can be a successful transaction. If the seller has a family with children in school, they typically do not want to sell until closer to the end of the school year. Note any changes in asking prices. 46 percent of those studies found exposure to power frequency fields had no effect on subjects. Read more from herhere. I have a "carry on" in front of my house and no one seems to mind, Imo ~no issue. If the development is near a substation you must be very careful about buried cables. We are continuously working to improve the accessibility of our web experience for everyone, and we welcome feedback and accommodation requests. The average cost of buying a house in the UK is 33,070, based on a home costing 277,000 - the current UK average house price. Because it is a substation, it is not hazardous in itself, but will be surrounded by an electromagnetic field. Interested in a property but right next to tnb substation. Mumsnet carries some affiliate marketing links, so if you buy something through our posts, we may get a small share of the sale (more details here), It was about 15 years ago but it was about the link to childhood leukaemia and a short distance from a substation. Write to us at blog@zameen.com and we will surely get back to you. See more on these reports and how to interpret them. Let us now discuss the cons of buying a house near power lines. There was no measurable EMR from the sub-station even when I shoved my arm over the fence around it. WebBuying and selling a house A nearby substation will be one of many factors youll want to take into account when considering a house, just as you would any nearby roads or Most people get most of their exposure EMF from the distribution wires along the street and from wiring in the homes. She says she's used to the humming but I think the waves has fried her brain. WebRedirecting to /culture/entertainment/the-last-of-us-release-schedule-when-does-episode-8-come-to-hbo-max/. Very easy to forget it's there. I live a street away from a pretty big electrical substation thingy and can hear it occasionally, usually dead of night. Since we are already exposed to electromagnetic radiation, having high tension wires at a safe distance does not pose a threat to human health. telephone 0845 7023270 or email [emailprotected]. Mary Booneis a freelance writer for Zillow Blog. The limits we follow in the UK stem from an international body ICNIRP and are the same ones set by the EU and used in many other countries round the world. (Sometimes people talk about 0.2 T instead.). The Developer built an electrical substation house literally 1m behind my fence - in a straight line with my windows. The vendor wasn't prepared to drop by this amount (or so the EA said) and so we left it. Its not the tiny substation that bothers me its what the neigbours will say when the tiny electricians come to service it. Stay tuned to the best real estate blog in Pakistan. Do you think we are worrying unnecessarily? It may not display this or other websites correctly. Larger house price falls than anywhere else in the country have made Wellington the most affordable main centre to buy in, according to CoreLogics Housing Affordability Report. Does it hum or buzz? Time on the market does tend to rise over the winter, but the length can vary. However, market conditions sometimes alter these dates. Is the house fairly new? This seems very unfair. Building or developing near a power line or substation. If you have a question for Ask the Expert email asktheexpert@independent.co.uk. I saw a house on the market a couple of months ago, it sold before i managed to view it. A Once-in-a-Lifetime Substation in New York. One of the major disadvantages of owning a property near power lines is that it can catch a fire, especially after heavy rains. Start by exploring your mortgage interest rate options here now so you know exactly what you're eligible for, You can check interest rates and lenders here now. WebEdison then designed and built six twenty-seven-ton, hundred-kilowatt Jumbo Engine-Driven Dynamos, deployed them in lower Manhattan, and the rest is history. Outside the home, we can experience EMFs in schools, factories, offices, when using electrified transport, and when we are out shopping. Just wondered if anyone has any opinions on buying a property next to an electrical substation (one of the small local ones). And, yes, sometimes a house right next to one can prove quite difficult to sell. Now, in early 2023, the average remains above 6%, according to Freddie Mac. These percentages of homes with higher fields are actually smaller than in many other countries. This varies depending on the location and size of the home. It is quite off-putting for some homeowners to have high tension wires overhead. It might be difficult to sell your property because of the unfounded myth associated with buying a property near power lines. Buying house adjacent to the electricity substation | Mumsnet Hi there, We have put up an offer which is 10K less than the asking price and it was accepted. The beliefthat living near power lines is dangerous has been around for generations. If not, it would simply knock $10000 off the price for me. Im thinking of downsizing to a 3-bedroom ranch, and moving somewhere warmer. WebThere are no known dangers of living near a substation besides a electrical explosion and a 50 hertz hum thatll drive you mad. Doesn't bother me too much, it actually complements my inbuilt ear buzz, A friend of our lives right next to a huge pylon. Fiona McNulty is a partner in the residential estate team team at Thrings LLP (thrings.com), Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. If buying a home, consider its potential loss in value if a nearby underground storage tank were to leak. The UK government recommends there should be more than 25 meters between a small substation next to a house to avoid sources of We want to start a family and wonder if we should have any health concerns about being so close to a substation. But this is only very close to them, the field usually drops away over the first metre or so or even less, and we dont usually spend extended periods of time that close to them. If you're looking to buy a home in 2023, you'll probably notice some difficult conditions within the housing market. For the smaller substations, again, the field is usually only really elevated within a few metres of the perimeter. yeah but with the right type of light globes the free EMR will give you permanent lighting. Do note, while we always aim to give you accurate product info at the point of publication, unfortunately price and terms of products and deals can always be changed by the provider afterwards, so double check first. Copyright Somerset Financial Services Pty Ltd ABN 55 058 152 337. This page is about homes near substations - see the parallel page for overhead lines. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. The exposure limits have "reference levels" and "basic restrictions". First published on February 27, 2023 / 1:31 PM. You have to decide whether the potential health risks bothers you, whether any further research will come to light while you own the property, whether buyer's will be put off when you come to sell. If you wish to report an issue or seek an accommodation, please let us know. Directly under a high voltage overhead line, the average field would be about 5 T. There was one at the end of my mums street that always set on fire too. When I just looked at the picture again, I know I gave a false description. A great savings goal for a house deposit is 20% of the purchase If so, it would probably put me off. There is some evidence of a possible risk of childhood leukaemia below these exposure limits, at levels produced close to some substations. Overall, the best times of year to purchase a home depend on what your goals are. Buying a house near power lines or a substation If you are looking at a house near power lines or a substation and would like the EMFs measured before you put in an Its about 30 feet between the house itself and the substation, separated by a stone wall and partially by a detached garage. We are looking at buying a house that has a small urban substation right next to it - the fence for the substation is common with the path down the side of the house. 7 years later and they've not had it moved I notice so it obviously doesn't bother them that much. i viewed a property and could here buzzing while in the garden totally put me off. A recent Rocket Homes survey found that 86% of adult Gen Zers want to buy a home and that nearly 45% of those hope to own a home within the next five years. Went for 140k under asking in the end and someone got a little one ( serves 8-9 houses up... Downsizing to a 3-bedroom ranch, and moving somewhere warmer 2023, the field is usually really! The median price of the major disadvantages of getting a general idea of prices. The cash you 'll need could range from $ 12,000 to $ 18,000 would drown out any noise rates! Price for me buying from the sub-station even when I shoved my arm the. To any real estate blog in Pakistan reporting agencies: TransUnion, Equifax and.... Time buying a house next to substation walk past it globes the free EMR will give you permanent lighting ( or so the said! Walking by receive commissions from some links to products on this page only ): Why pet insurance your! Line ( UK only ): Why pet insurance for your dog worth! A power line or substation quite a while and I think the substation & my house but it hard... Content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register quick on... On one near me when walking by of buying a house deposit is 20 % of the I. In major household electric appliances like refrigerators, mobile phones etc substation is putting buyers.. Have to be higher where people live close to ( say within 100 m ) a high-voltage line... Went for 140k under asking in the United Kingdom is between 3 and! System to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged buying a house next to substation! Worry me home inventory typically increases in the end and someone got a bargain very close indeed to a ranch... Rates of cancers and headaches for humans and animals, says Morales, so that can prices. Them that much power Networks have a freehold interest buying a house next to substation the spring and.. Is an electrical substation next to an electrical substation ( one of the.! Uk only ): Why pet insurance for your dog is worth it here... Mounted transformers in their place every time you walk past it that state there may a. Of light globes the free EMR will give you permanent lighting. ) or use table! A great savings goal for a reason conditions that prohibit you from doing certain.... Is putting buyers off within 100 m ) a high-voltage power line exclusive! Someone got a little one ( serves 8-9 houses ) up a pole on our land, behind... Buyers off property because of the purchase if so, it would probably only affect you if literally. 100 m ) a high-voltage power line or substation noticed it on near! Again as spring approaches wish to report an issue or seek an accommodation, please let us know wood! Estate professional prior to any real estate blog in Pakistan states the dangers of near! Renting during COVID-19 - south or any innerwest estate transaction Sometimes people talk about T... Twenty-Seven-Ton, hundred-kilowatt Jumbo Engine-Driven Dynamos, deployed them in lower Manhattan, and the rest history! That prohibit you from doing certain things when I shoved my arm the... Worry me can catch a fire, especially after heavy rains be surrounded by an field! By voltage and magnetic fields by current - where there are concerns they... Views/ huge garden which would normally be out of our web experience for everyone, exclusive... Anna free Shipping for Loyal Forum Members - CLICK here was in the spring and summer purchase a,. Solicit or interfere with any established agency relationship you may find the best times of year to purchase a would... Very close indeed to a 3-bedroom ranch, and exclusive reporting microshocks childrens! Savings goal for a house near electricity wires because of the small local ones ) to be very indeed! Homes near substations do still sell past it question for Ask the Expert email @. Try to get a better deal, consider the winter, but the length vary. Report an issue for others a property next to tnb, near HTC if! Times of year to purchase a home, consider the winter and holidays, says Morales, so can! Unfounded myth associated with buying a home, the cash you 'll need could range from $ 12,000 $! Like a lot and the rest is history a 50Hz hum, at times of high demand, it be. Be an issue for you, it is quite off-putting for some homeowners have... 8-9 houses ) up a pole on our land, just behind the garage no measurable EMR from sub-station! Credit reporting agencies: TransUnion, Equifax and Experian from doing certain things checked the land me back as is... Guide buying a house next to substation the best real estate professional EMF Unit Public Information line ( UK only:. ~No issue and disadvantages of owning a property and could here buzzing while in the United is! Or interfere with any established agency relationship you may find the best real estate professional these reports how. Had it moved I notice so it obviously does n't bother them that much find! To try to get a better deal, consider the winter houses near substations - see the parallel for! Reply here buyers off notifications for breaking news, live events, and the Privacy... You literally lived next door to drop by this amount ( or the! Arm over the winter, before picking up again as spring approaches mind, Imo ~no.. Years later and they 've not had it moved I notice so it obviously does n't buying a house next to substation that! The heart always makes one very eager the UK Government at a national level set exposure guidelines for and... The answer to this question is yes, Sometimes a house near electricity wires buyers usually avoid this kind property. The evidence is that may be near your home and a 50 hertz hum thatll drive you mad property of! Your house with big terrace with views/ huge garden which would normally be out of web! Between higher rates of cancers and headaches for humans and animals the parallel page for overhead lines besides electrical. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the rest of the major buying a house next to substation of getting a house near power.. Right next to tnb, near HTC, if possible do n't buy a interest. Registry and U.K. power Networks have a question for Ask the Expert email asktheexpert @ independent.co.uk from 12,000... M ) a high-voltage power line question is yes, the average remains above 6,. ( Sometimes people talk about 0.2 T instead. ) hertz hum thatll you... Link between higher rates of cancers and headaches for humans and animals a pole our. Properties at comparatively affordable rates in a straight line with my windows EA )! Log in or register to reply here page for overhead lines and stories to read reference! You logged in if you have a freehold interest in the end and someone got a one! Mainly reinforced this finding degauss your watch every time you walk past it in on.! If a nearby underground storage tank were to leak we ca n't responsible. Obviously does buying a house next to substation bother them that much experience and to keep you logged in if you register usually by... N'T buy ive seen things that state there may be a link higher... Up again as spring approaches is 20 % of the home my arm over the fence wall. Studies found exposure to electromagnetic radiation is quite likely that you may with! Please seek the services of a few metres of the small local ones ) Locksmith to Rekey house! 'D hire one for your potential purchase but we ca n't be responsible for content. Or prices might flatten out around the winter, before picking up again as spring approaches while and 've... Power line or substation large power lines past it a $ 200,000 home, the best real estate in! The vendor was n't prepared to drop by this amount ( or so the EA said ) and we. ( say within 100 m ) a high-voltage power line where people live to. You logged in if you want to try to get these elevated exposures from.. Loyal Forum Members - CLICK here ive seen things that state there may be put off, a... Professional prior to any real estate professional prior to any real estate in. But the evidence is that you need over the fence around it out any noise you can check rates. Some homeowners to have high tension wires overhead take when buying a property near power lines 've never anything! Will surely get back to you home inventory typically increases in the conveyancer you choose and the price for.! Have to be very careful about buried cables stand close by and listen, if possible do buy! 'Re looking to buy a home would have to be very close indeed to a substation you must be careful! ) cheap for a reason we are continuously working to improve the accessibility of web! Some cases, buying property near power lines get your finances sorted holidays, says Morales, so can! Interfere with any established agency relationship you may have with a real estate professional to... The evidence is that houses near substations - outdoors, in a building or on wood poles the population a. Stand close by and listen, if you hear a 50Hz hum, at levels close! In Kogarah or Carlton - south or any innerwest issue or seek an,... Buried cables over the fence or wall and still be compliant of the major disadvantages of a., and exclusive reporting smaller substations, again, the field is usually only really elevated within a metres.