I took a seat at the bar. In 1930, 44 out of the 89 counties that lined Route 66 were all-white communities known as "sundown towns"places that banned black people from entering city limits after dark. I first learned about Anna in a book called Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, about the thousands of communities across the country that, for much of the 20th century, kept themselves white. Ralph Smith, 30, has been employed there for two years. HOME OF ARIEH HART, it reads. This story was co-published with The Atlantic. Dr. John Aden is the Executive Director of the African American Historical Society Museum in Fort Wayne. While the details of each incident are often vague or contradictory, newspaper accounts, oral history archives and other documents chronicle a narrative of Annas emerging reputation as A-N-N-A. Unfortunately, I grew up in this area. Thank you! Which is why users are actively encouraged to submit information about towns not in the database and to submit comments on those towns which are in the database. Hindman, in his interview, said any black people who worked or lived in Anna were driven out of town after the Anna Pelley incident in 1909. The map does not speak for itself, it is a community project, albeit a bit slow to update considering the loss of James Loewen. I didnt think it would come out of somebodys mouth, straight to my face, he said. It's the American Way. By Shannon Harper Working in youth ministry, supporting young people in their search for identity, voice, and calling, is at best incredibly gratifying. Learning and Affirmation, When UUs of Color Convene. Sometimes entire counties went sundown, usually when their county seats did. The truth is theres not enough racism to suit some people so they make it up. began life as sundown towns. But yes, lets believe the white man- they have done so much GOOD for us so far. What ideas do you have for how to keep discussing and addressing sundown towns in our state? There is a restriction against spending the night in your car but thats unrelated. I don't want it to be conflated with the reality [that] there are serious policies that are very prevalent in progressive cities and states, Taylor says, that are equally destructive and debilitating to the growth and fairness and equality of Black people.''. Cause we never granted the benefit of the doubt even we have the evidence you'll deny it. Author Candacy Taylor spent all summer documenting Green Book sites and exploring how Black Americans can travel safely across the U.S in 2021. The sundown town database is an interactive map where you can select any state and see a list of all its possible current and historic sundown towns. He didnt go with her. After a white supremacist mob intimidated Black schoolchildren on the banks of Lake Lanier in 1968, a WSB-TV reporter interviewed Cumming citizens about the incident. Old heads aint died off yet, he explained. Historical Database of Sundown Towns Select a state from the map below to view a list of sundown towns FL MI ME NY PA VA WV OH IN IL WI NC TN AR MO GA SC KY AL LA MS IA MN OK TX NM KS NE SD ND WY MT CO ID UT AZ NV OR WA CA NH VT RI CT NJ DE MD DC MA Welcome to the world's only registry of sundown towns. I was in Springfield this week to talk about my reporting in Anna, Illinois, and sundown towns like Anna. "Green Book" was inspired by the true story of a 1962 concert tour by African American pianist Don Shirley (played by Mahershala Ali). For more information contact multicultural@uua.org. We came here on the second stop of The Associated Press' road trip across America, a reporting journey that three of us are taking to look at how the U.S. has been shaken and shaped by months of protests, the COVID-19 pandemic, an economic crisis and the looming November elections. He added, It was just a racist town.. While working on a digital interactive map with National Geographic, Taylor says she discovered there has been a small increase in Black and Brown people in sundown towns even though they are still 90% white. Taylors latest book, Overground Railroad: The Green Book and the Roots of Black Travel in America," examines the historical role and the impact of the Green Book a travel guide printed from 1936 to 1967 to help Black Americans find safe places to stay, shop and eat on the road. Really frustrating that you are unable to see the whole map in one window, even with max zoom-out. Nearly everyone I met knew what Anna stands for whether they heard it first as a joke at school or from their grandparents or just from living here long enough. 24 Farnsworth Street | Boston, MA 02210 While unofficial "sundown towns," a term for a town that prohibits Black people after dark, still reportedly exist in the United States, a viral image of a sign reading "Whites only within city limits after dark" was taken from a scene in the movie "Green Book. As noted in this video report from The Associated Press, there are several places in the United States that still operate as hidden sundown towns: Buzzfeed News reported on the continued existence of sundown towns in 2021: In 2017, the NAACP issued a travel warning for the entire state of Missouri, a first for the organization. Some posted. Sundown Towns redraws the map of race relations, extending the lines of racial oppression through the backyard of millions of Americans and lobbing an intellectual hand grenade into the debates over race and racism today. This list may not reflect recent changes . I mean, thats just how we were taught, she said. With a rope around his neck, the Bulletin reported, James confessed. South Florida has a . Im looking forward to reading your thoughts. Research on sundown towns helps people understand the blatant racism that exists in our country, Taylor says. Sign up for The Weekly Dispatch, a newsletter that spotlights wrongdoing around the country. When I met him last year, Hunter was the chief of Annas Police Department, and I was curious whether the A-N-N-A reputation affected how local officials did their jobs. She knows what A-N-N-A stands for, and she doesnt want to take any chances. I have been to a couple that still seem to hold on to their racist heritage, and they have a large number of white supremacist groups.. Its pure fiction. I think this in itself is a form of cultural erasure. Below, a Q&A with ProPublica Illinois reporter Logan Jaffe. Most people I met in Anna, Illinois, wish the racist lore behind the citys name would go away. Winchester. Well I was interested in this, but the town I grew up in Montana, is on this and it shouldnt be. Why do so many people have this weird desire to act like a victim? I was surprised by the number of northern Wisconsin towns and cities listed. Darrel Dexter, a local historian who lives in Jonesboro and teaches high school social studies in nearby Tamms, said that many of his black students see Anna as a racist place. If people in Anna want their town to shed that reputation, he said, theyll have to reckon with the history of A-N-N-A. Cicero had such a reputationin the late 1960s that civil rights marches were held there on the subject of housing discrimination. Thats for Aint No Niggers Allowed. He laughed, shook his head and took a sip of his beer. But there are some black people here, and more, it seems, during the workday. At the time, he was dating a girl who was biracial. And I think it has to be said that what your son has done is nothing short of a miracle. Champaign, IL (61820) Today. Also known as "Egypt," southern Illinois' abandoned town of Cairo, Illinois sits at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers and is on a peninsula with water on three of its four sides. Some towns like Harrison, Arkansas, still display confederate flags and big, scary signs, she says. "Sundown towns" like Anna were places where Black people were allowed in during the day Read More Dusk settles over Anna, Ill., on Saturday, Aug. 1, 2020. Was Your Town a Sundown Town? Lexington. The sign can be seen in a scene where Shirley's driver, played by Viggo Mortensen, drives their car through a sundown town: While sundown town signs are no longer a prevalent feature on. It was new since the last time I had been in town. 43 would require employees prove that their protected characteristics were a motivating factor for being discriminated against when previously the requirement was that simply showed it was a contributing factor., The NAACP also referenced anecdotal examples of hate crimes, and data which showed Black motorists were 75% more likely to be pulled over and stopped and searched by police enforcement than their white counterparts. But the city is still commercially alive. He warns that freed black men will take jobs away from white men. Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, The New York Times Race/Related newsletter. Is that your real hair? She told her husband that Anna was the place they needed to be. Annas mayor, Steve Hartline, agreed. But, he said, its not something people there are proud of. Because whether or not that sign really existed, it exists in the minds of many black southern Illinoisans who know what the name of the town stands for. Even though it may never have been codified, I found references to the fact that black people werent allowed to live in Anna in newspaper articles from as early as 1903. Loewen said sundown towns sprang up all around the country from 1890 to 1940, a period he calls the nadir of race relations in America. He complains that black soldiers are treated better than white soldiers. The Weekendest - Real-Time New York City Subway Map shows you the real-time location of trains on New York's vast subway network. You cant use our work to populate a website designed to improve rankings on search engines or solely to gain revenue from network-based advertisements. I always knew I grew up in a pretty racist area, but I went through the list of TX sundown towns on this map and there were 10 within a 30 mile radius of my hometown. He felt he and his brothers and sisters would thrive. And the dog whistling over, but Chicago! is tired. This is the biggest lie that I have seen in a while. Additional discrimination often extended to whom businesses would employand where people could live. "There was a contagion of ordinances," says Loewen. They are so named because some marked their city limits with placards warning specific groups of people to stay away after the sun went down. Thank you for your interest in republishing this story. But I also feel like it takes all of us that dont feel that way to step forward and to be brave enough to say, No, that is not what were about.. Sundown towns in North Carolina (5 P) O. Sundown towns in Ohio (8 P) Sundown towns in Oklahoma (14 P) T. Sundown towns in Tennessee (3 P) Some held signs: We You, Arieh, read one. O God of many names, the personal and mysterious, We have come to a quiet time, an interior place, a place for the deepening of spirit, the enrichment o Unitarian Universalist Association I did notice that California and Illinois were really really high on this list. Nokomis. Hello, people of Illinois and people not of Illinois: Im heading north on the Amtrak Lincoln Service from Springfield to Chicago. If you're not familiar with the term "sundown town," it applies to places that, through policy, violence or both, barred black people from town after dark. Sign up for our newsletter to get weekly updates written by our journalists. Accessed 3 May 2022. But the stories of how these communities became or stayed mostly white are often unknown, ignored or not fully told. If you use canonical metadata, please use the ProPublica URL. A Anna, Illinois B Benton, Illinois C Calhoun County, Illinois Cicero, Illinois D De Land, Illinois Deerfield, Illinois E Effingham, Illinois Eldorado, Illinois G As an Indigenous man, sometimes people mistake me for white or simply "forget". We just learn from each other, Arieh said. In response to a comment, I think that the KKK originated in Pulaski TN. Not sure why everyone is interpreting your town being on this map as it being a Sundown Town. HAYS, Kansas On the night of Jan. 6, 1869, Luke Barnes, Lee Watkins and James Ponder sat in jail accused of shooting a white railroad worker in this northwest Kansas town. While working on a digital interactive map with National Geographic, Taylor says she discovered there has been a small increase in Black and Brown people in sundown towns even though they. In that particular reference, a woman from Anna who worked as a hotel maid in Indianapolis was quoted as saying, I never saw more than 10 negroes in all my life until I was 18 as a negro is not allowed to stop in our little village of Anna.. Thank you for the list! You may be showing yours by using the term, colored people.. I talked with people going about their lives in the library, the Farm Fresh milk store, the Blue Boar restaurant, the citys park, the Walmart parking lot and other pockets of Anna. The night after James was killed, a band of men from Anna headed for a nearby quarry, which employed a number of black men. (The state of Missouri offered no public response to the NAACP but did make a Black woman the face of its tourism campaign last year.). In my younger days you werent allowed up here after dark, period, Taylor said in the parking lot as he loaded grocery bags into his car. He declined to be interviewed for this story. 1995 - 2023 by Snopes Media Group Inc. Safety is a priority and this is sadly, still needed. If you are discussing your communitys history of racial exclusion, or if you would like to start, let us know. Its a shame that wording is even out there when it comes to Anna, Hartline said. There are alphabetical and geographic maps of confirmed and probable sundown towns here. The Sundown Towns interactive map uses the Sundown Towns Database to show the distribution and location of sundown towns across the United States. Can I touch it? Smith, 38, moved to Anna in 2016 with her six children: Arieh, 19; Atarah, 18; Amiyah, 16; Arojae, 15; Asaiah, 12; and Aseana, 11. And all the sidewinding typical tropes like using Jussie and Chicago are all tells that you know the truth. The term came from the idea that Black peoplehad to leave the city by sundown or face possible harm and discrimination. PERU, Ill., Sept. 23 Here in this historic sundown town, population 10,300, where the Illinois River and a railroad stretch for miles across a scenic emerald valley, a Black body was found . Get ready to tell your congregation's story. I got into town just after sunset. PEKIN For years, some Illinois towns had the reputation of being a "sundown town," a city where it wasn't safe for Black people to be after dark. He said he hadnt witnessed that kind of public racism in Anna before. Taylor said hes noticed more black people in Anna in the past 10 years I take my hat off to that but, he said, changing Annas reputation is going to take a while. A 'sundown town,'" Riley said, a term for thousands of rural towns of the era where Blacks were excluded by law or intimidation. In California, Glendale and Culver City. The green books exists because there were simply too many places BP could get beaten or lynched. Act like the cameras on, act like somebody is following you, act like somebody is watching you, because nine times out of 10, they are.. Logan Jaffe is a reporter for newsletters at ProPublica. But once she looked closer within the town, she found these Black and Brown people are mainly in jails or in prisons. That's the proof. If you could adjust that, it would prove safer for travelers. We came here on the second stop of The Associated Press' road trip across America, a reporting journey that three of us . Trust me, I have lived in many states, and traveled to all, and know that racism exists. These towns openly discriminated against Black residents and visitors, and violence was a common tactic. Anyone breaking the rules could risk arrest, a beating or worse. The sisters have a slew of similar stories. Your map is complete horseshit, there is no accompanying documents or evidence to prove any of this. Sorry not buying that this map is backed by any real data. (617) 742-2100 | info@uua.org. She fills up her cars gas tank before going to work so that she spends as little time in Anna as possible. The sundown town was really a way that the North and West patrolled and monitored race without having the dirty signs of saying 'colored only' or 'whites only,' she says. Just own it. The practices declined since the Civil Rights era, when laws banning such discriminationwere passed. Cairos population, roughly 2,500, is now about half of what it was in 1990, though people began leaving earlier. It uses live data from Amtrak's Track-A-Train During the colonization of the United States museums and the federal government routinely stole the human remains of Indigenous people. The more you talk about it, it just creates that issue more, Max Miller, Union Countys board chairman, told me. This story is not subject to our Creative Commons license. Its curious that towns that have majority African American populations are considered sundown towns. In March 2015, the City Council of Goshen, Indiana, voted 6-0 to pass A Resolution Acknowledging the Racially Exclusionary Past of Goshen, Indiana, as a Sundown Town. In late 2016, the mayor of La Crosse, Wisconsin, formally apologized for the citys history of racial exclusion and signed a proclamation to work toward racial equality. Loewen discovered that many of the sundown towns would burn signs and that theres no official record that some existed at all which shows people continue to erase the dirty parts of our history that we dont want to remember, Taylor says. Coincidentally, her name was Anna Anna Pelley. The Interactive Map of Sundown Towns In the United States some neighborhoods and towns have traditionally managed to largely exclude non-white residents. He historically situates the rise of the sundown town movement in the years following the Civil War; describes the mechanisms of violence, threats . James W.. And thats what I love.. Anna, Illinois in 2020 is trying to shed the reputation that it has of being a sundown town. Various mechanisms, from restrictive . On the contrary, between about 1905 and 1968, about 80 percent of all suburbs of Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, and other northern cities went sundown. What people need to do is to say: Yes, this happened. James Loewen clearly set it up for us to do further investigation into our towns. The decision was in response to a bill designed to limit discrimination lawsuits by making changes to the Missouri Human Rights Act. In his book, Loewen profiles three Indiana towns; Elwood, Huntington and Martinsville. And that's what I'm really fascinated with because that to me is again more covert operations that are very difficult to fight.. State Champ #1, read another. You are are free to republish it so long as you do the following: Copy and paste the following into your page to republish: Lincoln Library, The Public Library of Springfield, Illinois, Springfield and Central Illinois African American History Museum, The Legend of A-N-N-A: Revisiting an American Town Where Black People Werent Welcome After Dark, A Christian Health Nonprofit Saddled Thousands With Debt as It Built a Family Empire Including a Pot Farm, a Bank and an Airline, Barricaded Siblings Turn to TikTok While Defying Court Order to Return to Father They Say Abused Them, This Climate-Friendly Fuel Comes With an Astronomical Cancer Risk, COVID-19 Origins: Investigating a Complex and Grave Situation Inside a Wuhan Lab, Tennessee Lobbyists Oppose New Lifesaving Exceptions in Abortion Ban, How We Found That Sites of Previous Ebola Outbreaks Are at Higher Risk Than Before, Help Us Report on Assisted Living Facilities in Maine, If youre republishing online, you must link to the URL of this story on propublica.org, include all of the links from our story, including our newsletter sign up language and link, and use our. Seems the criteria was a small black population in past census assumes that is due to "sunset laws" but with no proof whatsoever. He remembers Martinsville, Indiana as an unfriendly place. They are so named because some marked their city limits with placards warning specific groups of people to stay away after the sun went down. A sundown town is a community that for decades kept non-whites from living in it and was thus "all-white" on purpose. Copyright 1996-2023 Unitarian Universalist Association.All Rights Reserved. We mourn the loss of our friend and colleague and remain committed to the work he began. Ignorance? ANNA, it reads. Man behind 'Sundown Towns' James Loewen, 76, attended Carleton College in the 1960s, earned a Ph.D. at Harvard and taught about race relations for 20 years at the University of Vermont. You can try, Overground Railroad: The Green Book and the Roots of Black Travel in America,", Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism,. Some time later, a few students at Anna-Jonesboro High made an Instagram account and anonymously made fun of classmates by posting photos of them along with derogatory captions, Smith said. But it was also the home of U.S. Sen. Everett Dirksen, whose support helped ensurethe passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Author James Loewen. Yes, Sundown Towns Are Still A Problem For Black Travelers In The United States. Travel Noire, 28 July 2021, https://travelnoire.com/sundown-towns-2021. On another map, dots help users understand whether an area is a sundown town, with a legend that includes "don't know," "surely," "unlikely/always biracial," and "Black town or township." Weve got issues and are not shirking away from those issues, Mayor Tim Kabat, who is white, told the La Crosse Tribune. Accessed 3 May 2022. This map is a joke! The signs posted in Sundown Towns used those words. That seems to be on the rise here in the past couple of years. As the book Sundown Towns, by James W. Loewen, explains, the phrase is derived from the signs that many of [these places] formerly sported at their corporate limits signs that usually said Nigger, Dont Let the Sun Go Down on You in __.. When I called James Taylor, the man I had met at the Anna Walmart months before, he told me there was someone in Cairo I should meet. The high school was good and it had a strong sports program. I think even he got out when it got too violent. Our forefathers have gone through and made decisions that werent the greatest things in the world, Miller said. A Historic Travel Guide to Jim Crow America. One time it happened while he was pumping gas. Anna, in southern Illinois, carriesthe legacy of that history today, as recent reporting by ProPublica showed. I wish we had more diversity on our staff, said Brett Detering, the schools principal. Credit: ProPublica Illinois), (From Without Sanctuary: A History of Lynching Photography in America, courtesy of Twin Palms Publishers). The proposal was never brought up for a vote, in part because commissioners said they didnt believe it was their job to address such concerns. Bae, drive fast and keep going, she remembers him saying. I visited a grave in the Anna cemetery that belongs to the man deemed by a local newspaper in 1916 to be the only colored man who has ever lived in this city and I spent some time with one of the few black families (if not the only one) living in Anna today. John Sales was in his mid 90s when he died in August 1916. For whatever reason its just one of those towns, I guess, his co-worker added. When their county seats did Black Americans can travel safely across the United States Weekly... Propublica Illinois reporter Logan Jaffe banning such discriminationwere passed when their county seats did when it comes Anna... Illinois reporter Logan Jaffe when he died in August 1916 probable sundown towns here it to... 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