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Issue 005 Some 70 percent of the universe seems to be composed of dark energy, though no one knows precisely what it is. Issue 077 Issue 045 Speaking more generally about alternative black hole models Caraballo-Rubio said, “The differences [with black holes] that would arise in these models are too minute to be detected” by the Event Horizon Telescope.Chapline plans to discuss his dark energy star predictions in December, at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara. Issue 011 Issue 058 Issue 056 Issue 042 They find that the laws of general relativity are valid everywhere in the vicinity of the collapsed star, except at the event horizon, which marks the boundary between two different phases of spacetime.In the condensate model the event horizon surrounding a collapsed star is no longer a point of no return but instead a traversable, physical surface. Issue 064 Because the region inside the vortex is empty—think of the depression that forms at the center of whirlpool—the center of the dark energy star is hollow, like an apple without its core. A dark star is a type of star that may have existed early in the universe before conventional stars were able to form and thrive. Other physicists, though, are skeptical that these kinds of deviations from conventional black hole models would show up in the Event Horizon Telescope data. Issue 041 Dark energy remains a mystery. Other physicists, though, are skeptical that these kinds of deviations from conventional black hole models would show up in the Event Horizon Telescope data. Issue 075 Issue 043 Issue 020 Issue 055

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We deliver big-picture science by reporting on a single monthly topic from multiple perspectives. Issue 027 Issue 004 In 2005, he told The idea has found no support in the astrophysical community—over the last decade, Chapline’s papers on this topic have garnered only single-digit citations. A If the dark-energy star is big enough, Chapline predicts, any electrons bounced out will have been converted to positrons, which then annihilate other electrons in a burst of high-energy radiation. Issue 051 Issue 063 Issue 054 Issue 037 Issue 088 Issue 018 Issue 086 A physicist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Chapline has an alternative explanation: when a massive star collapses, what remains is not a black hole but a star that’s filled with dark energy. Chapline says that this could explain the radiation observed from the centre of our galaxy, previously interpreted as the signature of a huge black hole. One explanation for dark energy is that it is a property of space. Issue 003 But even if his predictions are confirmed, he said he doesn’t expect the scientific community to become convinced overnight. He’s concluded that dark energy stars aren’t spherical or oblate, like black holes. Issue 049 Issue 078 Albert Einstein was the first person to realize that empty space is not nothing. Issue 059 Issue 008 Issue 083 Issue 052 Issue 057 Issue 023 He believes that the Event Horizon Telescope will offer evidence that dark energy stars are real.This strange toroidal geometry isn’t a bug of dark energy stars, but a feature.Chapline and Laughlin argue that they can describe the collapsed stars that most scientists take to be black holes as regions where spacetime has undergone a phase transition.

In theThe picture of gravitational collapse provided by classical general relativity cannot be physically correct because it conflicts with ordinary quantum mechanics.The upshot is that when a star collapses, space-time inside it goes through a ‘quantum phase transition’ into dark energy. Issue 047

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