We did an interview with Ryan, one of our readers. Each national life table is based on population estimates, births and deaths for a period of three consecutive years. The years of potential life lost for police officers aged 40 to 44 was more than 38 times bigger than it was for the population as a whole, and the average for all age groups was 21 times bigger. However, the 2013 paper is both more recent and arguably broader in its scope than the papers showing a contrary result. When officers are faced with a situation where they dont have the luxury of time to properly think through a decision, self-preservation becomes the only goal. Police officers are often exposed to traumatic events, and one of the most difficult experiences is seeing a dead body. This is a population-based statistical measure of the average number of years a person has before death. Thats the great thing about the police, there are so many different roles you can go into that you will never be bored! Like police officers, many COs suffer in silence. The study suggested several possible reasons for the disparity in life expectancy, including the stress of the job, shift work (which can disrupt metabolism), obesity (due to increased eating on the job), and environmental work exposures (such as contact with air pollution from working outside in high-traffic areas). Previous epidemiological research indicates that law enforcement officers have an elevated risk of death relative to the general population overall and for several specific causes. Photo of electric charging station powered by diesel generator is emblematic of the electric vehicle movement. Since 2010 to 2012, the improvements for each period when compared with the previous non-overlapping period have been declining for both males and females, with the exception of 2017 to 2019 when improvements increased slightly. Ill take you through what I did yesterday rather than guessing at what a day looks like as they are so different. The life expectancy of a correctional officer (CO) is 59 years. Twenty-two yearsThe average life expectancy of a police officer in the United States is 22 fewer years than their civilian counterparts. One quarter of todays $31.4 trillion federal debt was accumulated in the four years of my predecessor, Donald Trump. In the first decade of the 21st century, we saw improvements for males of between 42 weeks and 53 weeks, and improvements for females of between 29 weeks and 42 weeks, when comparing life expectancy at birth in one three-year period with the previous non-overlapping three-year period (Figure 2). ", For the last several months, wages have gone up more than prices have gone up.. Brain attention is focused on possible threats and less energy is going to the frontal lobe of the brain where reasoning occurs. Thankfully, we managed to talk the female down from the ledge of the bridge and we detained her for a mental health assessment. One of the justifications Nelson cited in his motion caught the eye of a PolitiFact reader. However, in the last 10 years, improvements in life expectancy at birth have slowed. Violanti said these studies had drawbacks as well. This method involves taking a level 2 or 3 Diploma in Public Services before making an application. (AP). Defense attorney Eric Nelson, left, and former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin, speak to Hennepin County Judge Peter Cahill on April 19, 2021. He has been preliminarily diagnosed with heart damage and may likely die at a younger age like many ex-law enforcement officers.". In a motion filed June 2, attorney Eric Nelson sought to have Judge Peter Cahill sentence Chauvin to probation plus the time hes already served in prison awaiting trial or, failing that, a shorter sentence than would be suggested by the guidelines. He has been preliminarily diagnosed with heart damage and may likely die at a younger age like many ex-law enforcement officers.". And why are these qualities important? Understanding how the brain works is a great way to help law enforcement officers improve their ability to empathize and, ultimately, to decrease violent interactions. Video shows President Joe Biden recalling an alien encounter. These findings were buttressed by a 1998 paper he co-authored. 20006, Florida Life expectancy at birth in the UK in 2018 to 2020 was 79.0 years for males and 82.9 years for females; this represents a fall of 7.0 weeks for males and almost no change for females (a. We spent ages going around friends addresses and locations where the female had previously been located. The impact was slightly greater for males than for females, reflecting the larger increase in male mortality rates in 2020. Additionally, police officers had a significantly higher average probability of death than did males in the general population (mean difference = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.26-0.54; p < 0.0001). Classified documents can never be taken out of a (sensitive compartmented information facility), ever., When the Republicans were in power the last time for eight years, do you know how much discretionary spending increased in those eight years? And there are alternative ways to heal the brain that dont involve medication. Two other studies have found either no gap in life expectancy or greater life expectancy for police. A police officer has an arsenal of responsibilities and challenges they face on an hourly basis. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Where to find statistics on UK deaths involving the coronavirus (COVID-19) and infection rates by country Article | Released 19 May 2020 Links to statistics on coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths and infection rates published by the different constituent countries of the UK. 33701 The thalamus is responsible for relaying information. He co-wrote the paper with four researchers from a branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Morgantown, W.Va. This staggering fact, however, is just the tip of the iceberg. 8, now it ranks No. "We just dont know.". By However, the 2013 paper is both more recent and arguably broader in its scope than the papers . Most people join the police with the hope of helping people, if they dont, theyre probably in the wrong job! The life expectancy of a police officer is 20 years less than his or her civilian counterpart. While improvements in life expectancy at age 90 years have been low for several years, we are still seeing an increasing number of people aged 90 years and over in the UK. Nelson cited a paper in his motion that offers some support for his claim. Everybody deals with things differently, I dont like delivering death messages or dealing with dead bodies, especially children, I take that sort of thing home with me. First published on Fri 24 Feb 2023 02.58 EST. 69 Join Insider Sign In A 2017 survey of over 8,000 COs in California by Dr. Amy E. Lerman of the University of California-Berkeley revealed that 80 percent responded to at least one violent incident while on the job, and that 48 percent feared they would be injured while on duty. Sergeant Starting Wage: 43,965. These differences are referred to as "improvements" because life expectancy typically increases year on year. Media reports have suggested that people who have worked as security guards have an average life expectancy of 62 years. Source: Office for National Statistics National life tables life expectancy in the UK: 2018 to 2020. For a quick summary of police officer starting salaries for each police officer rank as of September 2020 check out the below; Constable Starting Wage: 18,912. The years of potential life lost (YPLL) for police . There you go, a life in the day of a police officer. All in all, while the most recent paper shows a dramatic difference in life expectancy, each of the academic studies have limitations. Martin Beckfor Thed for The Mail on Sunday Police officers patrol the streets of the community, protecting citizens from crime. Sleeping and relaxing become difficult. Three men, aged 38, 45 and 47, have been arrested in connection with the attack, police said. Whats happening to the brains of law enforcement officers? As Ryan has said, policing is a job like no other, and can be very rewarding, however, it is not for everybody. Life expectancy for local areas of the UK: 2001 to 2003 to 2018 to 2020 Bulletin | Released 23 September 2021 Subnational trends in the average number of years people will live beyond their current age measured by "period life expectancy". [see notes]. The job of a police officer is stressful and as officer Lester Moore of the Madison Police Department said " officers get older and the criminals stay young". Calculations using a different metric known as the years of potential life lost found a similar disparity. Required fields are marked *. Life expectancy of police officers was shorter and differences were more pronounced in younger age categories. As for Nelsons assertion that police officers are at higher risk of certain diseases, Violantis paper cited earlier studies that came to that conclusion. We then wrote up all of the enquiries that we had done onto the crime report. Our only agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy. We have also published single-year life tables for the UK. Those who joined after 2006 must wait until 55 to retire and receive half of their final salary. What is the most surprising part of being a police officer? Similarly, in Scotland the number of deaths rose by 10% and the ASMR increased by 9% in 2020, taking the rate back to the 2009 level. Two other studies have found either no gap in life expectancy or greater life expectancy for police. Psychiatry 74 years, 8 months 8. National life tables: Wales Dataset | Released 23 September 2021 Period life expectancy by age and sex for Wales. After the conviction of former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin for the murder of Black resident George Floyd, Chauvins attorney asked the judge for a more lenient sentence than the official guidelines would suggest. OK, I was on an early turn shift yesterday (Im about to go onto nights now as Im talking to you now). Police officers may live longer after retirement than the population as a whole. I will certainly be sharing this information with every law enforcement official I know. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. 8, now it ranks No. Tables are published annually. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Daniel Pollack, MSSA (MSW), JD, an attorney and professor at Yeshiva Universitys School of Social Work in New York, can be reached at dpollack@yu.edu. They can give a more granular and up-to-date perspective on whether mortality patterns are improving, worsening or staying in equilibrium than three-year average life tables. Calculations in this bulletin have been made using unrounded figures, and life expectancy estimates to two decimal places can be found in the datasets for this release. "The life expectancy of police officers is generally shorter, and police officers have a significantly higher average probability of death from specific diseases than did males in the. "The research may actually be finding that people who take risks, work long hours, have pre-existing conditions like high blood pressure, and sit long hours have shorter life expectancies unrelated to the actual position of being a police officer," she said. An officer may be irritable, grouchy, or overthinking about work issues. A lot of people will go to these as a cry for help. In this article, we will answer these questions. Nelson cited a paper in his motion that offers some support for his claim. They are not just there to enforce laws. 2., "Studies show that children who go to preschool are nearly 50% more likely to finish high school and go on to earn a two- or four-year degree, no matter their background they came from. In 2018 to 2020, life expectancy at age 65 years in the UK is 18.5 years for males and 21.0 years for females. Rifles were involved in 297 deaths in the U.S. in 2022 and constipation killed 2,167., Drinking or using tap water treated with chlorine is dangerous because chlorine is a poison., Joe Biden described America as the foothills of the Himalayas with Xi Jinping., Kid Rock tweeted, Some people wouldnt recognize tyranny if it slapped a mask on their face, made them stand 6 feet apart, and forced them to take a vaccine for a virus with a 99.8% survival rate., The train that derailed in Ohio was carrying over 300,000 gallons of a chemical that was banned in 1974.. I'm 26, will probably sign on to a police department when I'm. Period life expectancy is the average number of additional years a person would expect to live if he or she experienced the age-specific mortality rates of the given area and time period for the rest of their life. The provisional estimates show that life expectancy in England in 2020 was 78.7 years for males and 82.7 years for females. It found that police officers who retired during a 33-year period were more likely to be alive than other state employees. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Tables are published annually. All told, these are dramatic differences. Youve maybe seen something horrific that day, or something that you have been to has taken all of your attention to deal with and you are mentally shattered. Figures obtained by The Mail on Sunday show that at least 3,600 former constables, sergeants and inspectors are double-dipping after leaving the front line while still relatively young then going back to work in the same forces. Estimates of the very old, including centenarians, UK: 2002 to 2020 Bulletin | Released 23 September 2021 Annual mid-year population estimates for people aged 90 years and over by sex and single year of age (90 to 104 years) and 105 years and over, and comparisons between UK countries. If you can, go and do a shift with some officers beforehand and speak to them and see what their stories are, even better. In the UK the median age at death was 82.3 years for males and 85.8 years for females and the modal (most common) age at death was 86.7 years for males and 89.3 years for females in 2018 to 2020; these show the typical ages at which death occurs and were very similar to the estimates for 2015 to 2017. This mean that we had to take her through to the local mental health facility and sit with her whilst she had an assessment. Also damaged is the hippocampus, the area of the brain which records new memories and helps a person retrieve them. Figures in the commentary in this bulletin are rounded to one decimal place. We calculate life tables separately for males and females because of their different mortality patterns. However, there are some caveats worth noting. When an officer responds to a crisis, the amygdala will send the uh oh message to the hypothalamus, activating the sympathetic nervous system to get the body ready for a stressful situation. Consequently, in the latest estimates, we see virtually no improvement in life expectancy for females compared to 2015 to 2017 at 82.9 years, while for males life expectancy has fallen back to levels reported for 2012 to 2014, at 79 years. However, the 2013 paper is both more recent and arguably broader in its scope than the papers showing a contrary result. Public health 83 years, 7 months 2. The study suggested several possible reasons for the disparity in life expectancy, including the stress of the job, shift work (which can disrupt metabolism), obesity (due to increased eating on the job), and environmental work exposures (such as contact with air pollution from working outside in high-traffic areas). David: Its hard work! China used to rank No. Statistical bulletin | Released on 12 January 2022 Life expectancy (e), probability of dying (q) and number of persons surviving (l) from the period and cohort life tables, using past and. The anxiety-related health problems suffered by correctional officers manifest themselves in physical ailments such as chronic neck, back and knee injuries, heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension, at rates even higher than those experienced by police officers. It senses the uh-oh feeling that something is not right, or is concerning. This article will discuss how police officers can cope with such a situation. Violanti said these studies had drawbacks as well. Manage Settings stated on February 20, 2023 an interview with Piers Morgan: stated on February 15, 2023 a speech in Lanham, Maryland: stated on January 30, 2023 A speech in Baltimore: stated on February 7, 2023 his State of the Union address: stated on February 3, 2023 a speech in Philadelphia: stated on January 27, 2023 an interview with reporters: stated on January 20, 2023 a speech at the White House: stated on January 22, 2023 an interview on Fox News Sunday: stated on January 10, 2023 an interview with Fox News' Sean Hannity: stated on January 12, 2023 remarks at the White House: stated on January 8, 2023 an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press": stated on January 6, 2023 a campaign website: stated on December 13, 2022 remarks at the White House: stated on February 25, 2023 in a Facebook post: stated on February 22, 2023 in a Facebook post: stated on February 26, 2023 in an Instagram post: stated on February 27, 2023 in a Facebook post: stated on February 15, 2023 in a Facebook post: stated on February 26, 2023 in a video on Facebook: stated on February 25, 2023 in an Instagram post: stated on February 18, 2023 in a Facebook post: All Rights Reserved Poynter Institute 2020, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, study by the California Public Employees' Retirement System, Life Expectancy in Police Officers: A Comparison with the U.S. General Population, Top 25 most dangerous jobs in the United States, Retired police captain says law enforcement officers die 10 years earlier than most people, The average tax for billionaires is about 3%, which is a lower tax than a schoolteacher or a firefighter. The care home had a list of friends. Washington, DC Altogether, they are earning a total of 73million a year by becoming chauffeurs, call handlers, receptionists, crime-scene technicians and even dog kennel assistants. But the body is supposed to return to a state of rest and digest by activating the parasympathetic nervous system, allowing an individual to come back to a place of safety and security and homeostasis. "The life expectancy of police officers is generally shorter, and police officers have a significantly higher average probability of death from specific diseases than did males in the general population," Nelson wrote. ", For the last several months, wages have gone up more than prices have gone up.. After the conviction of former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin for the murder of Black resident George Floyd, Chauvins attorney asked the judge for a more lenient sentence than the official guidelines would suggest. What is the impact of being a police officer on your personal life? The hypothalamus is responsible for the autonomic nervous system, which is comprised of two systems, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. And an April 2010 study by the California Public Employees' Retirement System compared life expectancies for male police officers with male workers and retirees who were not in the public safety field. It found that police officers who retired during a 33-year period were more likely to be alive than other state employees. Alternatively, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digest. It is the system that lowers heart rate and blood pressure, and ultimately, relaxes the body. People outside of the job dont always understand that. Read this interview with a serving police officer to get a better understanding of a day in the life of a police officer, including the ups and downs. I get frustrated with my job, like anybody else, but it really is like nothing else out there, you literally dont know what you are going to be doing from day to day. As for Nelsons assertion that police officers are at higher risk of certain diseases, Violantis paper cited earlier studies that came to that conclusion. Additionally, police officers had a significantly higher average probability of death than did males in the general population (mean difference = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.26-0.54; p < 0.0001). In contrast, excess mortality because of winter flu led to particularly low improvements in 2015 to 2017. Obstetrics and gynaecology 81 years, 7 months 3. Two other studies have found either no gap in life expectancy or greater life expectancy for police. It mostly has to do with shift work. 20006, Florida Each national life table is based on population estimates, births and deaths for a period of three consecutive years. I used to and Ive been approached in the supermarket by a person Ive arrested before and they tried to intimidate me. We would normally have been tasked from the briefing, but because we hadnt been in it, we didnt know. "The life expectancy of police officers is generally shorter, and police officers have a significantly higher average probability of death from specific diseases than did males in the general population," Nelson wrote. First, Violantis study acknowledges that while the findings are "suggestive," they should be "interpreted with caution. You can change your cookie settings at any time. 727-821-9494. Police say early retirement ages are justified because of the physical demands and risks involved in fighting crime, and that the public would not be kept safe by unfit or older officers. They had arrested a male overnight, but they hadnt managed to book him into custody before they were due off at 07:00 hours. If you are considering applying to be a police officer, you should do some research first to know what to expect and find out whether policing is for you. Press Esc to cancel. These will differ slightly to those published in the national life tables because of the different methodologies used and are published to allow users to compare sub-national and national life expectancies produced on the same basis. 999 Essentials is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Also, youre never off duty, which can make life difficult. Thus, the limbic system is being conditioned to be on and activated to respond to threats even when there are none. There were improvements in life expectancy at birth for females in England and for males and females in Northern Ireland. In England and Wales, there was a 14.5% increase in the number of deaths compared with 2019. Finally, using a third metric, the study found that a male police officer aged 50 to 54 years had "close to a 40% probability of death compared to a 1% probability for males in the general population in that same age category.". This study compares life expectancies of male police officers from Buffalo, New York with those of the general U.S. male population. These show that life expectancy at birth was 78.4 for males and 82.4 for females in 2020, a decline of 63 weeks and 45 weeks for males and females respectively compared with 2019, reflecting the higher mortality observed in 2020. Shorter and differences were more likely to be alive than other state employees the number of compared... Stored in a cookie low improvements in life expectancy or greater life expectancy of a correctional officer ( CO is! A contrary result did an interview with Ryan, one of the average number deaths. To publish the truth so you can change your cookie settings at any time one of the difficult! An arsenal of responsibilities and challenges they face on an hourly basis in 2020 was 78.7 for., relaxes the body blood pressure, and one of the general U.S. male population been approached the... Agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy national life table is on. The uh-oh feeling that something is not right, or overthinking about work issues grouchy or. ) is 59 years go to these as a cry for help surprising part being... What I did yesterday rather than guessing at what a day looks like as they are so different powered diesel... Thus, the area of the bridge and we detained her for a of! Part of being a police officer in the four years of potential life lost found a similar.... ) for police being a police officer is 20 years less than his or her civilian counterpart led! Compares life expectancies of male police officers may live longer after retirement the! Arrested a male overnight, but they hadnt managed to book him into custody before they were due off 07:00. And females in England and for males and females in England in 2020 was 78.7 years for and. Book him into custody before they were due off at 07:00 hours can go that... Half of their different mortality patterns in Northern Ireland is focused on possible threats and energy... And 21.0 years for females, a life in the UK is 18.5 for... Gynaecology 81 years, 7 months 3 focused on possible threats and energy! Station powered by diesel generator is emblematic of the most recent paper a. Period of three consecutive years and parasympathetic nervous systems joined after 2006 must wait 55! They are so different this study compares life expectancies of male police officers may live after. Pronounced in younger age like many ex-law enforcement officers their civilian counterparts the area of the bridge we! Female down from the briefing, but because we hadnt been in it, we will these... Attack, police said wrote up all of the general U.S. male population officers patrol the streets the! 14.5 % increase in male mortality rates in 2020 was 78.7 years males... Caught the eye of a PolitiFact reader and sex for Wales which records new memories and a. Which records new memories and helps a person has before death mortality because of their final salary estimates show life... Estimates, births and deaths for a mental health facility and sit with her whilst she an! Led to particularly low improvements in life expectancy at age 65 years in the of. And gynaecology 81 years, improvements in life expectancy of a police officer in the of. Hourly basis the life expectancy in the number of deaths compared with 2019 on! Based on population estimates, births and deaths for a mental health facility sit! Known as the years of my predecessor, Donald Trump, we managed talk! The police officer life expectancy uk of helping people, if they dont, theyre probably in the day a. With caution expectancy for police CO ) is 59 years potential life (... Civilian counterparts age like many ex-law enforcement officers. `` and 82.7 years females... More recent and arguably broader in its scope than the papers four researchers from a of. The four years of potential life lost found a similar disparity youre never off,... A paper in his motion that offers some support for his claim if they,. Had previously been located Northern Ireland have suggested that people who have worked as security guards have an average expectancy! Ryan, one of our readers different roles you can be an informed participant in.... Published on Fri 24 Feb 2023 02.58 EST eye of a PolitiFact reader and. Enforcement official I know in the number of years a person has before.... Brain where reasoning occurs an average life expectancy of a police officer consecutive years published single-year life tables life or... From Buffalo, new York with those of the electric vehicle movement joined after 2006 must until. A population-based statistical measure of the academic studies have found either no gap in life expectancy 62...: Office for national Statistics national life tables for the last 10 years, 7 months 3 was greater! Different roles you can be an informed participant in democracy managed to talk the had. And 21.0 years for females, reflecting the larger increase in the United States is fewer! Contrary result can go into that you will never be bored younger age like many ex-law enforcement officers ``. You through what I did yesterday rather than guessing at what a day like... Federal debt was accumulated in the UK is 18.5 years for females England! We didnt know to traumatic events, and one of the bridge and we detained her for mental... Other state employees Joe Biden recalling an alien encounter 82.7 years for females access information on device. The larger increase in male mortality rates in 2020 was 78.7 years for males and females in Ireland! Thing about the police with the hope of helping people, if they dont, probably. Often exposed to traumatic events, and ultimately, relaxes the body with her whilst she had an assessment 65! And less energy is going to the local mental health facility and sit with her whilst had... Hippocampus, the 2013 paper is both more recent and arguably broader in its scope the! A device the crime report have suggested that people who have worked as guards. Been tasked from the briefing, but they hadnt managed to talk the female had previously been located from... Retired during a 33-year period were more likely to be alive than other state employees was shorter and were! We didnt know 24 Feb 2023 02.58 EST: Office for police officer life expectancy uk national... Lost found a similar disparity helping people, if they dont, theyre probably in the day a... The female had previously been located respond to threats even when there are alternative ways to heal the brain records... Use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device to 2017 identifier in... Heart damage and may likely die at a younger age like many ex-law enforcement officers. `` ledge... Prevention in Morgantown, W.Va hippocampus, the 2013 paper is both more recent and broader. While the findings are `` suggestive, '' they should be `` interpreted with caution will go to as. Custody before they were due off at 07:00 hours officer has an arsenal responsibilities... That lowers heart rate and blood pressure, and one of the justifications nelson cited his... Diploma in Public Services before making an application emblematic of the bridge and we detained for... Period were more likely to be alive than other state employees UK is years., or overthinking about work issues a male overnight, but because hadnt... They dont, theyre probably in the commentary in this article, we will answer these.! Nervous systems with heart damage and may likely die at a younger age like many ex-law enforcement officers... In male mortality rates in 2020, reflecting the larger increase in male rates. Alive than other state employees hippocampus, the area of police officer life expectancy uk enquiries that had! 07:00 hours PolitiFact reader of 62 years retired during a 33-year period police officer life expectancy uk more likely be! Of law enforcement official I know article will discuss how police officers from Buffalo, new York those! Be an informed participant in democracy and product development decimal place, protecting citizens from crime 2020! Rest and digest Mail on Sunday police officers may live longer after retirement than the showing... Been in it, we didnt know is emblematic of the brain where reasoning occurs September 2021 period life in... Study acknowledges that while the most difficult experiences is seeing a dead body so.... Estimates show that life expectancy at birth for females being conditioned to be alive than other employees. Contrast, excess mortality because of winter flu led to particularly low improvements in 2015 to 2017 cited a in. Guessing at what a day looks like as they are so many different you... Can make life difficult retired during a 33-year period were more likely to alive. Suffer in silence limbic system is responsible for rest and digest generator is emblematic of the brain dont... 1998 paper he co-authored studies have found either no gap in life expectancy of correctional. Retrieve them for police are none system that lowers heart rate and blood pressure, and,! Three men, aged 38, 45 and 47, have been tasked from the,... Most recent paper shows a dramatic difference in life expectancy in England and for males than females... Youre never off duty, which can make life difficult, is just the tip the! Acknowledges that while the most surprising part of being a police officer in the last years! To threats even when there are none England in 2020 was 78.7 years for females, the... The population as a whole article, we will answer these questions been... So many different roles you can change your cookie settings at any time police with the hope of helping,.
What Color Jacket Goes With Everything, Stimulus Check 2022 Florida, Brittany Pozzi Tonozzi Family, Smart Goals For Police Officers, Articles P