Egypt has a great leader. In remarks to the press on Tuesday, David Schenker, the assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, voiced concerns about human rights in Egypt, saying he has “raised—and will continue to stress at senior levels—the fundamental importance of respect for human rights, universal freedoms, and the need for a robust civil society.”But Schenker stopped short of criticizing the Egyptian government.In Iraq, Schenker took issue with the Iraqi government’s crackdown on media covering the protests. And it has always been willing to hold its tongue in the face of abuses by friendly governments.The United States has been an especially ambivalent peddler of democracy in the Arab world, gently nudging the region’s leaders toward a more open rule while gaining comfort from the predictability of diplomatic relations with the strategically vital region’s long-standing autocrats and monarchs.The current wave of protests against Sisi and other regional leaders has been fueled by many of the same issues that fed the Arab Spring—rising living costs, high unemployment, and resentment against entrenched leaders acting corruptly—though each country’s protests are rooted in unique histories and political contexts. "Assad in Syria learned from the Egyptians and Tunisians, he knew he could not shut down the internet ... [or] block Twitter or Facebook," she added. "So he started using these platforms in order to monitor the protests" and arrest those deemed to be spreading anti-government messages on social media. According to Samer, the al-Assad government started something else which would later be copied and perfected by other countries: smearing the opposition on this new platform. “I would not credit the Trump administration making that strategic calculation.”In the Middle East, Iran, not the United States, appears most committed to shaping the outcome of the protest movements. Trump also swept away any pretense that the United States expected friendly autocrats to embrace democracy.The administration has also put its money where its mouth is. According to EFF's York, Gulf states, Saudi Arabia especially, have learned from the Arab Spring. Former officials say this reflects how the administration does not prioritize these issues as past administrations have, but others dismiss that criticism: The NSC still has staff focused on democracy and governance, but the portfolio was simply folded into another directorate as part of the administration’s push to reduce the size of the NSC and streamline it.In 2017, Trump NSC officials began to develop an interagency strategy on democracy, human rights, and governance. To this end, we have expanded our rules and invested in better tools to help us stay ahead of malicious actors," the company said in response to two pages of questions from Al Jazeera. "We are now identifying and challenging between eight million and 10 million spammy, automated accounts every single week … Overall, 75 percent of these accounts are failing to pass these challenges and are ultimately suspended," the statement said.Although Twitter seems to be blocking more and more nefarious accounts that are reported, it is a publicly-traded company with shareholders who expect it to grow, creating a possible incentive to keep its user base increasing, according to experts. Carol Huang These people aren't necessarily politically involved themselves, but they know how to write the code," Elswah said.What Twitter is doing to combat propaganda and bots is unclear, as the company only shares some of its data every couple of months and its algorithms for fighting fake accounts are secret.In response to questions asked by Al Jazeera about the bots flooding its platform in the "Twitter's number one priority is to improve the health of the public conversation. McMaster resigned as national security advisor and John Bolton replaced him.One person familiar with the matter pushed back on this characterization, saying the strategy was still read at high levels and though it was never formally released, the State Department, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and other agencies still rely on the document to guide their work.At the State Department, one of the top positions that deals with the human rights portfolio, the assistant secretary of state for the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, sat empty for more than two and a half years. At times during 2011, the term Arab Spring became interchangeable with “Twitter uprising” or “Facebook revolution”, as global media tried to make sense of what was going on. From the Arab Spring to Trump's Twitter Feed, How Social Media Changed Middle East Politics . Feldman, a legal scholar, analyzes the events of the 2010–11 Arab Spring and its aftermath at a high level of abstraction. Arab Spring, wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the region’s entrenched authoritarian regimes.

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